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Terms & Acronyms

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Term	Acronym	Vocabulary	Vocabulary Type	Definitions
thousand	K	Emissions Standards Reference Guide: Acronyms and Abbreviations	Glossary and Key Word List
Contract	CNT, K, Kt	Contracting-Related Terms	Glossary and Key Word List
Thousand (2K = 2,000)	K, K (2)	Contracting-Related Terms	Glossary and Key Word List
hydraulic conductivity	K	Glossary of Technical Terms: Office of Underground Storage Tanks	Glossary and Key Word List	Definition: A coefficient of proportionality describing the rate at which water can move through a permeable medium. Hydraulic conductivity is a function of both the intrinsic permeability of the porous medium and the kinematic viscosity of the water which flows through it. Also referred to as the coefficient of permeability.
Potency factor for lung cancer	K(L)	Glossary of Asbestos-related Terms and Acronyms	Glossary and Key Word List
Potency factor for mesothelioma	K(M)	Glossary of Asbestos-related Terms and Acronyms	Glossary and Key Word List
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test	K-S test	Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment	Thesaurus	Definition 1: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test is used to decide if a sample comes from a population with a specific distribution. An attractive feature of this test is that the distribution of the K-S test statistic itself does not depend on the underlying cumulative distribution function being tested. Another advantage is that it is an exact test (the chi-square goodness-of-fit test depends on an adequate sample size for the approximations to be valid). Despite these advantages, the K-S test has several important limitations: (1) it only applies to continuous distributions, (2) it tends to be more sensitive near the center of the distribution than at the tails, and (3) perhaps the most serious limitation is that the distribution must be fully specified; that is, if location, scale, and shape parameters are estimated from the data, the critical region of the K-S test is no longer valid. It typically must be determined by simulation. Due to limitations 2 and 3 above, many analysts prefer to use the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test. [NIST/SEMATECH 2005a] Definition 2: For a single sample of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to test whether or not the sample of data is consistent with a specified distribution function. When there are two samples of data, it is used to test whether or not these two samples may reasonably be assumed to come from the same distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test does not require the assumption that the population is normally distributed. [STEPS 1997]
Knowledge Base	KB		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Kilobyte	Kb		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Kansas Department of Health and Environment	KDHE	CADDIS Glossary	Glossary and Key Word List
Kentucky Energy Efficiency Program for Schools	KEEPS		Abbreviation and Acronym List
kilogram	kg	Waste Reduction Model (WARM) Definitions and Acronyms	Glossary and Key Word List
kilogram	kg		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Kentucky Green and Healthy Schools	KGHS		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Potassium hydrogen phthalate	KHP		Abbreviation and Acronym List
kilohertz	kHz	Glossary of Asbestos-related Terms and Acronyms	Glossary and Key Word List
kilonewton	kN	Emissions Standards Reference Guide: Acronyms and Abbreviations	Glossary and Key Word List
soil organic carbon partition coefficient	Koc	Glossary of Technical Terms: Office of Underground Storage Tanks	Glossary and Key Word List	Definition: A constant that describes a compound’s equilibrium condition between organic carbon and the contaminant concentrations in an aqueous solution. Higher Koc values indicate more contaminant mass is likely to be retained in soil and therefore less readily bioavailable.
Knowledge Organization System	KOS	Terminology Services Glossary	Glossary and Key Word List	Definition: The term knowledge organization systems is intended to encompass all types of schemes for organizing information and promoting knowledge management. Knowledge organization systems include classification and categorization schemes that organize materials at a general level, subject headings that provide more detailed access, and authority files that control variant versions of key information such as geographic names and personal names. Knowledge organization systems also include highly structured vocabularies, such as thesauri, and less traditional schemes, such as semantic networks and ontologies. [Council on Library and Information Resources www.clir.org/pubs/reports/pub91/1knowledge.html]
octanol/water partition coefficient	Kow	Glossary of Technical Terms: Office of Underground Storage Tanks	Glossary and Key Word List	Definition: A coefficient representing the ratio of the solubility of a compound in octanol (a non-polar solvent) to its solubility in water (a polar solvent). The higher the Kow, the more non-polar the compound. Log Kow is generally used as a relative indicator of the tendency of an organic compound to adsorb to soil. Log Kow values are generally inversely related to aqueous solubility and directly proportional to molecular weight.
Octanol-water partition coefficient	Kow	Pesticides Reregistration Glossary	Glossary and Key Word List
Key Process Area	KPA	Contracting-Related Terms	Glossary and Key Word List
Contractor	Kr	Contracting-Related Terms	Glossary and Key Word List
Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities Administration	KSA ADMIN		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Knowledge and Skills Inventory System	KSIS		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Contract	CNT, K, Kt	Contracting-Related Terms	Glossary and Key Word List
Keyboard, Video, Mouse switch	KVM SWITCH		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Kilowatt	KW		Abbreviation and Acronym List
kilowatt	kW	Emissions Standards Reference Guide: Acronyms and Abbreviations	Glossary and Key Word List
Kilowatt	kW	Importing Vehicles and Engines Glossary	Glossary and Key Word List
Kilowatt	kW	AgSTAR Handbook Glossary	Glossary and Key Word List	Definition: One thousand watts (1.341 horsepower).
Knowledge Management	KW	Contracting-Related Terms	Glossary and Key Word List
kilowatt-hour	kWh	Waste Reduction Model (WARM) Definitions and Acronyms	Glossary and Key Word List
Kilowatt Hour	kWh	AgSTAR Handbook Glossary	Glossary and Key Word List	Definition: A unit of work or energy equal to that expended by one kilowatt in one hour or to 3.6 million joules. A unit of work or energy equal to that expended by one kilowatt in one hour (1.341 horsepower-hours).
Kilowatt hour	kWh	Heat Island Effect Glossary	Glossary and Key Word List	Definition: A kilowatt hour is a metric unit of energy most often used to measure electricity use.
Kilowatt Hour	KWH		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Key Word In Context	KWIC		Abbreviation and Acronym List
OA-RTP Keyword in Context Index	KWICUNVAC		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Key Word Out of Context	KWOC		Abbreviation and Acronym List
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test	K-S Test	EPA EV-Research-Research Resources-Model & Simulation Tools	Taxonomy	Definition: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test is used to decide if a sample comes from a population with a specific distribution. An attractive feature of this test is that the distribution of the K-S test statistic itself does not depend on the underlying cumulative distribution function being tested. Another advantage is that it is an exact test (the chi-square goodness-of-fit test depends on an adequate sample size for the approximations to be valid). Despite these advantages, the K-S test has several important limitations: (1) it only applies to continuous distributions, (2) it tends to be more sensitive near the center of the distribution than at the tails, and (3) perhaps the most serious limitation is that the distribution must be fully specified; that is, if location, scale, and shape parameters are estimated from the data, the critical region of the K-S test is no longer valid. It typically must be determined by simulation. Due to limitations 2 and 3 above, many analysts prefer to use the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test. (NIST/SEMATECH 2005a) [Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment]
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test Method	K-S Test Method	EPA EV-Research-Research Resources-Analytical Methods & Protocols	Taxonomy	Definition 1: The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test is used to decide if a sample comes from a population with a specific distribution. An attractive feature of this test is that the distribution of the K-S test statistic itself does not depend on the underlying cumulative distribution function being tested. Another advantage is that it is an exact test (the chi-square goodness-of-fit test depends on an adequate sample size for the approximations to be valid). Despite these advantages, the K-S test has several important limitations: (1) it only applies to continuous distributions, (2) it tends to be more sensitive near the center of the distribution than at the tails, and (3) perhaps the most serious limitation is that the distribution must be fully specified; that is, if location, scale, and shape parameters are estimated from the data, the critical region of the K-S test is no longer valid. It typically must be determined by simulation. Due to limitations 2 and 3 above, many analysts prefer to use the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test. (NIST/SEMATECH 2005a) [EPA Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment: 5.9 Modeling, Statistics, and Math Terms at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/criteria/health/microbial/T59.cfm] Definition 2: For a single sample of data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test is used to test whether or not the sample of data is consistent with a specified distribution function. When there are two samples of data, it is used to test whether or not these two samples may reasonably be assumed to come from the same distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test does not require the assumption that the population is normally distributed. (STEPS 1997) [EPA Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment: 5.9 Modeling, Statistics, and Math Terms at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/criteria/health/microbial/T59.cfm]

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