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Description: Extensible list of topics related to human health conditions or concerns referred to or associated with content.

Publisher: Office of Mission Support/Office of Information Management/Information Access and Analytic Services Division

Last Update: 2019-11-07

Show Definitions & Scope Notes

		Term
	+	Food Safety Definition: A system to ensure that illness or harm will not result from eating food. Scope Note: Use Food Safety with another topic to create more specific terms. For example, Food Safety + Pesticides. Fish & Wildlife Consumption Definition: Human use of fish and wildlife resources as a food source
	+	Health Effects Definition: The result(s) of exposure to substances (such as radiation) that cause any harm to a person's health. It includes diseases, cancers, birth defects, genetic effects and death. [Washington State Dept. of Health] Scope Note: Use Health Effects with another topic to specify. For example, use Water Pollution + Health Effects for content about health effects resulting from water pollution. Chemical Sensitization Definition: Evidence suggests that some people may develop health problems characterized by effects such as dizziness, eye and throat irritation, chest tightness, and nasal congestion that appear whenever they are exposed to certain chemicals. People may react to even trace amounts of chemicals to which they have become "sensitized." Genetic Damage Definition: Harm to a person's genes which can be passed on to subsequent generations. [Hanford Information Health Network Glossary] + Respiratory Diseases Asthma Definition: A chronic, inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by wheezing, breathing difficulties, coughing, chest tightness, and other possible symptoms. People with asthma have very sensitive airways that are constantly on the verge of over-reacting to asthma triggers. [Glossary of Asthma Terms: Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America]
	+	Health Risks Definition: Risk: The probability that something will cause injury or harm. [The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)] Scope Note: Use Health Risks with another topic to specify. For example, use Water Pollution + Health Risks for content about health risks resulting from water pollution. + Exposure Definition: Contact with a substance by swallowing, breathing, or touching the skin or eyes. Exposure may be short-term [acute exposure], of intermediate duration, or long-term [chronic exposure]. [The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)] Scope Note: Use Exposure with another topic to specify. For example, use Radiation + Exposure for content about preparation for radiation exposure. Acute Exposure Definition: Contact with a substance that occurs once or for only a short time (up to 14 days) [compare with chronic exposure]. [The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)] Chronic Exposure Definition: Contact with a substance that occurs over a long time (more than 1 year) [compare with acute exposure] [The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)] Cumulative Exposure Definition: The sum of exposures of an organism to a pollutant over a period of time. [Terms of Environment] Dermal Exposure Definition: Contact between a chemical and the skin. [Terms of Env] Dietary Exposure Definition: The condition of being subject to toxic substance(s) as a result of food consumption. Exposure Assessment Definition: The process of finding out how people come into contact with a hazardous substance, how often and for how long they are in contact with the substance, and how much of the substance they are in contact with. [The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)] Exposure Concentration Definition: The concentration of a chemical or other pollutant representing a health threat in a given environment. [Terms of Env] Exposure Routes Definition: The way a chemical or pollutant enters an organism after contact; i.e., by ingestion, inhalation, or dermal absorption. [Terms of Env] Health Assessment Definition: Estimate of the nature and probability of adverse health effects in humans who may be exposed to chemicals in contaminated environmental media, now or in the future. [Human Health Risk Assessment, EPA.gov] Scope Note: Use for content about the characterization of health effects of human exposures to environmental hazards. Threshold Level Definition: Time-weighted average pollutant concentration values, exposure beyond which is likely to adversely affect human health. [Terms of Env] + Toxicity Definition: The degree to which a substance or mixture of substances can harm humans or animals. Acute toxicity involves harmful effects in an organism through a single or short-term exposure. Chronic toxicity is the ability of a substance or mixture of substances to cause harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or continuous exposure sometimes lasting for the entire life of the exposed organism. Subchronic toxicity is the ability of the substance to cause effects for more than one year but less than the lifetime of the exposed organism. [Terms of Env] Acute Toxicity Definition: The ability of a substance to cause severe biological harm or death soon after a single exposure or dose. Also, any poisonous effect resulting from a single short-term exposure to a toxic substance. [Terms of Env] Chronic Toxicity Definition: The capacity of a substance to cause long-term poisonous health effects in humans, animals, fish, and other organisms. [Terms of Env] Dermal Toxicity Definition: The ability of a pesticide or toxic chemical to poison people or animals by contact with the skin. [Terms of Env]
	+	Special Populations Definition: People who might be more sensitive or susceptible to exposure to hazardous substances because of factors such as age, occupation, sex, or behaviors (for example, cigarette smoking). Children, pregnant women, and older people are often considered special populations. [The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)] Childrens' Health Definition: Scientific evidence shows that children are different from adults in terms of their exposure and susceptibility to pollutants. This evidence may explain the relationship between environmental risks and some childhood illnesses. [Protect Children, Protect our Future, EPA.gov] Scope Note: Use Children's Health with another topic to create more specific terms. For example, Children's Health + Pesticides. Mens' Health Definition: Male specific diseases and health conditions. Seniors' Health Definition: Diseases and health conditions specific to older individuals. Womens' Health Definition: Female specific diseases and health conditions. Workers' Health Definition: Workplace exposures and conditions can act as component causes of a wide range of diseases. [Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health]

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