Term	Acronym	Vocabulary	Vocabulary Type	Preferred Term	Definitions	
amplification		Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment 	Thesaurus		Definition: Multiplication or replication of a microorganism within a given medium. [ILSI 2000]
	
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation	LASER		Abbreviation and Acronym List			
Amplification		EPA EV-Research-Research Resources-Analytical Methods &Protocols 	Taxonomy		Definition 1: An increase in the number of copies of a specific DNA fragment; can be in vivo or in vitro. [DOE Human Genome Project Information, Genome Glossary.]
Definition 2: Multiplication or replication of a microorganism within a given medium. [ILSI 2000][Thesaurus of Terms Used in Microbial Risk Assessment]
	
Amplification Host		EPA EV-Biological Substances-Animals-Animal Roles 	Taxonomy		Definition: A host in which disease agents, such as viruses, increase in number. [USGS Field Manual of Wildlife Disease Glossary at http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/publications/field_manual/appendices.pdf]
	
Earthquake Amplification		EPA EV-Natural Environments-Terrestrial Environments 	Taxonomy		Definition: Shaking levels at a site may be increased, or amplified, by focusing of seismic energy caused by the geometry of the sediment velocity structure, such as basin subsurface topography, or by surface topography. Two important local geologic factors that affect the level of shaking experienced in earthquakes are (1) the softness of the surface rocks and (2) the thickness of surface sediments. [USGS Earthquake Glossary]
	
Gene Amplification		EPA EV-Biological Substances-Genes &Biological Molecules 	Taxonomy		Definition 1: Any DNA sequence rearrangement that results in the gain of one or more copies of a DNA segment that contains at least one gene. [National Cancer Institute Thesaurus]
Definition 2: An increase in the number of copies of a gene. There may also be an increase in the RNA and protein made from that gene. Gene amplification is common in cancer cells, and some amplified genes may cause cancer cells to grow or become resistant to anticancer drugs. Genes may also be amplified in the laboratory for research purposes. [National Cancer Institute Glossary]
	
Laboratory Gene Amplification		EPA EV-Research-Research Resources-Analytical Methods &Protocols 	Taxonomy		Definition: A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication. [NIH Genetics Home Reference Glossary]
	
Social Amplification of Risk		EPA EV-Research-Research Resources-Analytical Methods &Protocols 	Taxonomy		Definition: Distortion of the seriousness of a risk caused by public concern about the risk and/or about an activity contributing to the risk. [DHS Risk Steering Committee Risk Lexicon 2010 Edition]